What happened: Pakistan–Saudi Arabia–Türkiye trilateral defence agreement in Mecca
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye signed a trilateral defence agreement in Mecca (Saudi Arabia). The agreement sets a framework for collective defence and collective deterrence and is presented as a mutual-support arrangement against aggression.
The agreement states a reported core commitment: each country will treat an armed attack on any one of the three partners as an armed attack on all three partners.
Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman, and Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan signed the agreement during a joint defence summit in Mecca.
A joint statement described the Mecca arrangement as supporting collective security and promoting peace, stability and security in the region and beyond.
Background and earlier position: West Asia security pressures and a previous mutual-defence commitment
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