The reported United States-Iran memorandum of understanding signed on June 17 is weakening after renewed strikes and mutual accusations of violation. The arrangement was meant to extend a ceasefire, open talks on Iran’s nuclear programme, and link diplomacy with sanctions relief.

What happened

The United States carried out extensive air strikes across Iran. Iran retaliated with attacks on United States bases in Persian Gulf countries and in Jordan. The escalation has revived the maritime dispute over the Strait of Hormuz.

A central dispute is Article 5 of the memorandum of understanding. It requires Iran to make arrangements for the safe passage of commercial vessels through the strait.

Background and earlier position

The memorandum included concessions from the United States. These included a maritime blockade being lifted, waivers affecting sanctions on Iranian crude and some petroleum products, and access to some frozen funds.