What happened (June spending shift)

The Centre increased its spending focus on investment in June. In June, capital expenditure (capex) rose sharply, and subsidy bills rose in the same period.

Reported June changes include:

Key budget terms in simple words

In Union government finance, capital expenditure (capex) generally means spending that creates or upgrades assets—such as infrastructure and assets that expand future capacity. Subsidy bills generally refer to government payments that support prices or targeted consumption—spending that typically acts more like support in current consumption than asset creation.

What changed in June (direction and scale)