India’s renewable-energy expansion is increasingly constrained by a basic systems problem: solar and wind power are intermittent, while electricity demand can rise when generation is low. Long-duration energy storage is needed to move power across hours, not just minutes, if the clean-power transition is to remain reliable and affordable.

India has expanded renewable capacity, but storage has not grown at the same pace. Existing batteries are still too expensive for large-scale, long-duration use, which limits their role in balancing the grid over extended periods.