What happened
India’s judiciary expanded virtual courts during the pandemic, moving hearings from physical courtrooms to video conferencing, e-filing, online case management, and hybrid hearings. The system began as an emergency measure for continuity during lockdowns, but it became a lasting part of judicial work.
The illustrated feature says the digital shift changed courtroom practice, judicial workflow, and legal etiquette. It presents virtual courts as a broader modernization of the justice system, not a temporary stopgap.
Background and earlier position
Before the pandemic, Indian courts largely depended on in-person appearances. During lockdowns, remote hearings were used to prevent a breakdown in justice delivery, especially when physical movement and court functioning were restricted.
What changed now
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