What happened
Background and earlier position
El Niño becomes very strong when Pacific sea-surface temperatures rise beyond about 2°C above threshold levels. Earlier heatwaves and drought-linked impacts caused major fatalities and pushed disaster-management institutional changes in Andhra Pradesh.
The 2023 episode gave Andhra Pradesh some learning, including lower heat-stroke deaths than in earlier experience, but timely and precise weather advisories remain a continuing weak link.
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