India’s EV transition cannot afford to ignore retrofitting

The article argues that energy insecurity from oil import dependence is a structural risk for emerging economies like India. Transport electrification is expanding but does not address reliance on imported petroleum for the existing fleet of internal combustion engine vehicles.

Retrofitting is proposed as a solution, converting functioning ICE vehicles into electric vehicles by replacing key components with electric systems. This approach aligns with India's cultural preference for repair and reuse.