The India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement has entered into force and is being assessed as more than a market-access deal. The agreement matters because it expands export opportunities for Indian goods, changes tariff treatment for some British imports, and tests how confidently Indian firms can compete in a more open trade environment.

What changed now

The note says almost all Indian exports by value will enter the United Kingdom duty-free. It identifies likely beneficiaries as labour-intensive sectors such as textiles and garments, leather and footwear, marine products, processed food, engineering goods, and auto components.

The note also highlights a social-security provision for Indian professionals posted to the United Kingdom. The Double Contribution Convention is described as exempting such workers from duplicate contributions for up to five years.

Background and earlier position

India’s apparel exporters faced a tariff disadvantage in the United Kingdom because Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Cambodia could ship garments duty-free. The contrast explains why broader duty-free access matters for labour-intensive exports.